From hype to practicality: A review of x402’s “pragmatic” projects.
With the rapid development of AI, AI agents are gradually becoming independent economic entities. They need to independently purchase data, call APIs, and rent computing power. However, traditional payment systems are struggling to meet these high-frequency, small-amount, and automated payment needs. It is against this backdrop that the x402 protocol has emerged.
x402 is an open-source payment protocol developed under the leadership of Coinbase and supported by giants such as Anthropic, Amazon Web Services, Hyperbolic, Google, and Cloudflare. The core function of x402 is to enable autonomous micropayments by AI agents via the HTTP 402 status code. This protocol allows AI agents or software clients to make payments directly with USDC without requiring API keys, achieving autonomous machine-to-machine (M2M) settlement and giving AI agents the true ability to “pay”.
In the article ” PayAI Overtakes PING! The Value Anchor of the x402 Ecosystem is Changing “, we discussed the ebb and flow of growth momentum between PING and PayAI, which actually reflects an important issue: the x402 ecosystem is moving from concept to reality, and from hype to practicality.
This article will focus on the “infrastructure builders” and “pragmatists” of the x402 ecosystem (excluding the x402 lead developer). It’s important to clarify that the x402 ecosystem is currently in its very early stages, with infrastructure still under development and a viable business model yet to be validated. Project selection lacks a mature benchmark. At this point, it’s premature to judge whether a project can succeed. The key is whether the product can create genuine demand. Furthermore, it’s necessary to assess the “essentiality” and “frequency” of this demand to drive users and AI agents to actively use x402 for payments, avoiding falling into the trap of false demand. Finally, is the path to profitability clear, and can it support long-term project operation?
x402 Facilitators / Services / Endpoints
Kite AI
Kite AI is building the foundational transaction layer of the “Agentic Internet,” providing autonomous intelligent agents with a unified infrastructure for identity, payment, and governance. On February 10, 2025, Kite AI launched the PoAI (Proof of AI) L1 sovereign blockchain testnet.
Kite AI has natively integrated with the x402 agent payment standard, positioning itself as the primary execution and settlement layer of the protocol, allowing AI agents to seamlessly send, receive, and reconcile payments via standardized intent commands.
In September 2025, Kite AI announced the completion of a $33 million funding round, with its latest Series A funding round reaching $18 million, led by PayPal Ventures and General Catalyst. The funding will be used to accelerate Kite AI’s progress in building the Internet of Smart Agents. Following this, Kite AI also received strategic investment from Coinbase Ventures. The new funds will support the development of its autonomous AI smart agent payment infrastructure and will be used in collaboration with Coinbase to accelerate the large-scale adoption of the x402 protocol.
Further Reading: When Machines Start Paying: Kite AI and Agentic Payment’s Clearing Platform
Questflow
Questflow focuses on building an orchestration layer for multi-agent economies, allowing AI agents to autonomously research, execute actions, and earn rewards on-chain. It supports multi-agent collaboration, cross-Web2/Web3 service integration, and inter-agent payments and monetization through the x402 protocol.
Questflow is a key player in the x402 ecosystem and a partner of Google’s Proxy Payments Protocol (AP2). Recent developments in x402 include extending x402 to the Mantle chain and X Layer.
Questflow’s autonomous network task agent group SANTA operates as a core component of the Virtuals protocol, acting as a gateway for the x402 protocol. SANTA is releasing the SANTA Multichain Facilitator, currently supporting the Mantle network.
In terms of financing, Questflow completed a $1.5 million angel round of financing in July 2024, led by MiraclePlus (founded by Lu Qi, former executive vice president of Microsoft, partner of Y Combinator, and former COO of Baidu). A year later, in July 2025, Questflow completed a $6.5 million seed round of financing led by cyber•Fund, with participation from Delphi Labs and others, and received grants from Aptos, Coinbase Developer Platform, and Virtuals Protocol.
Questflow itself does not issue its own token, but its SANTA token currently has a market capitalization of $11.6 million.
Crossmint
Crossmint, an enterprise-grade API platform for wallets, stablecoins, and proxy commerce, announced in March 2025 that it had raised $23.6 million in seed, Series A, and strategic funding rounds, led by Ribbit Capital, with participation from Franklin Templeton, Nyca, First Round, and Lightspeed Faction. In September, Crossmint received strategic investment from Circle Ventures.
Crossmint’s solution enables businesses to easily create embedded wallets (optionally custodial or non-custodial), issue and distribute NFT, and manage on-chain credentials. Furthermore, Crossmint has designed a dedicated API for its AI agents, enabling them to autonomously manage funds, execute transactions, and acquire digital credentials.
Crossmint previously released a sample of proxy commerce using the XMTP protocol on its Base app, featuring a custom payment processor called “x402 Server” for kriptocurrency-to-Amazon transactions.
Next, we will introduce x402 Facilitators. x402 Facilitators are service providers that support x402 payment processing on the Solana and EVM networks, providing unified endpoint access to realize the verification and settlement of on-chain payments via HTTP resources under the x402 protocol.
Source: x402scan
These facilitators form the core infrastructure layer of the x402 payment ecosystem, responsible for verifying and settling on-chain payments for HTTP resources using the x402 protocol.
PayAI (token market capitalization of $27.3 million)
Based on transaction volume, PayAI has become the largest x402 facilitator after Coinbase, supporting multiple networks including Base, Solana, and Polygon. As of this writing, PayAI has processed 13.78% of the total number of x402 transactions and accounted for 13.27% of the total transaction volume. In contrast, Coinbase’s market share of transaction volume has declined to approximately 80%.
In addition to the x402 payment service, PayAI has also launched the following products:
- x402 Echo Merchant: Supports end-to-end testing of any x402 client.
- Freelance AI: An AI agent pasar built on open technologies such as libp2p, IPFS, ElizaOS, and Solana, allowing agents to publish services, find experts, and securely process payments.
PayAI is currently developing the following features:
- CT Agent monetization function.
- Token Gateway: Allows merchants to receive payments using their own tokens and grants functional access to token holders.
Regarding PayAI’s token economics, the total token supply is 1 billion, with all tokens in circulation at launch (March 2025). The PayAI team will purchase 20% of the token supply at launch and transfer it to the project treasury. These funds will be used for operations, marketing, and future token releases, such as community rewards and partnerships. Specifically, half of the treasury tokens will provide liquidity to generate fees, while the other half will vest linearly within one year.
x402.rs
x402.rs is built specifically for cryptographic native APIs, pay-per-request services, and autonomous proxies, and also runs as the x402 Facilitator.
thirdweb
ThirdWeb, as a Web3 developer platform, has recently been expanding into the x402 domain, with some recent initiatives including:
Support for x402 payments in the thirdweb SDK enables developers to monetize their backend and proxy services with seamless, automated encrypted payments.
The launch of Nexus allows AI agents to use services without an account or API key; specifically, it supports endpoint monetization via x402, enabling agents to instantly discover and pay API access fees. ThirdWeb states that its dedicated gas-free facilitator wallet supports over 80 chains and more than 4,000 tokens.
Corbits
Corbits focuses on building software for “Agentic Commerce.” Corbits’ strength lies in its use of the Faremeter framework, which is open-source, modular, and built specifically for x402. This framework supports agent-driven transactions and can be flexibly integrated with any payment standard, network, or wallet through plug-in modules, while quickly incorporating new payment schemes and digital assets. Currently, Corbits is primarily built on the Polygon and Solana networks.
It’s worth mentioning that at the end of October, Corbits partnered with the AI project Dark (@darkresearchai) to launch Mallory, an open-source agent and mobile toolkit that combines AI chat with real-world functionality. It is powered by x402 and built on React Native.
For example, when you chat with Mallory, Mallory will take action, such as using Nansen to analyze on-chain data, without you having to subscribe.
Daydreams (token market capitalization of $12 million)
Daydreams.Systems focuses on building autonomous agents and applications on the x402 payment track, currently supporting networks such as Base, Solana, and Starknet.
The Daydreams.Systems ecosystem mainly consists of three tools: the open-source proxy framework Daydreams, Daydreams Router, and the self-service proxy operation platform LUCID.
Daydreams supports building autonomous AI agents, features a composable context architecture, allows agent creation from modular components, and leverages real memory, MCP integration, and TypeScript-first design. Additionally, Daydreams.Systems launched Daydreams Router in July, a native encrypted method for accessing cutting-edge models such as GPT, Claude, Groq, Gemini, and Gwen. It achieves intelligent routing of AI model requests through instant USDC settlement, using x402 at the underlying level. The upcoming LUCID will combine AI, x402, and ERC-8004.
Daydreams.Systems is also one of the x402 Facilitators, currently supporting Solana, Base, and Abstract networks.
As of the time of writing, the Daydreams token DREAMS has a market capitalization of $12 million.
AurraCloud (tokens worth $7.5 million)
AurraCloud focuses on building x402-powered AI agent infrastructure, allowing users to create AI agents in minutes and providing hosted MCP tools, smart wallet functionality, x402 payments, and x402 gated inference services.
AurraCloud also operates as an x402 Facilitator, helping merchants and businesses quickly accept encrypted payments.
The AurraCloud token AURA currently has a market capitalization of $7.5 million.
Mogami
Mogami focuses on building an open-source software stack for the x402 protocol, providing SDKs, tools, and services built in Java.
Mogami’s core products include the Mogami x402 SDK, the x402 payment gateway “Mogami Facility Server”, and the x402 console. It also acts as the x402 Facilitator, serving as the payment gateway for x402.
AEON
AEON focuses on building a full-chain encrypted payment framework, providing the encrypted payment orchestration solution AEON Pay, which connects encrypted payments with global fiat currency acquiring channels to achieve seamless on-chain and off-chain settlement. AEON also offers a Stripe-like experience through AEON Checkout and AEON AI Payment, providing encrypted payment checkout infrastructure for Web2/Web3 merchants and AI agents.
On October 28th, AEON announced the launch of the x402 Facilitator on BNB Chain, enabling AI agents to securely and verifiably execute on-chain transactions. Furthermore, upon completion of each transaction, an immutable receipt containing the agent’s unique identity (according to ERC-8004) is generated, creating a tamper-proof audit trail for accountability and reconciliation. Beyond BNB Chain, AEON will continue to expand the x402 standard and its AI payments across multiple blockchains.
It is worth mentioning that AEON was previously selected for BNB Chain’s 10th “Most Valuable Builder” (MVB) accelerator program.
lainnya
Firecrawl
Firecrawl provides easy-to-use APIs and SDKs that can be integrated into AI platforms to transform websites into LLM-ready data, with output formats including Markdown, JSON, HTML, images, and news content.
Firecrawl recently added an x402-enabled endpoint using the x402 payment standard, allowing any agent with a wallet to perform web searches and optionally crawl the results. Prices are displayed via HTTP 402 requests, USDC payments are settled on-chain, and results are returned automatically.
Firecrawl completed a $14.5 million Series A funding round in August 2025, led by Nexus Venture Partners, with other investors including Y Combinator, Zapier, and Shopify CEO Tobias Lütke.
Heurist (token market capitalization of $6.7 million)
Heurist is building a full-stack AI infrastructure, including Heurist Cloud (accessing AI models via a simple API), Heurist Mesh (a proxy marketplace), and Heurist Chain (a ZK Layer-2 for proxy payments).
Heurist has integrated x402 into Heurist Mesh and Deep Research. Heurist Mesh allows agents to trade autonomously, build specialized functions, and settle payments on-chain. Heurist Deep Research is an AI-driven research platform built specifically for Web3, with a query fee of 1 USDC (paid via x402).
The Heurist token HEU has a maximum supply of 1 billion. Its utility includes paying for AI services, staking, voting governance, and serving as a Gas token for transactions within the Heurist Chain.
t54.ai
t54.ai focuses on building a trust layer for “trustworthy agent finance,” providing a secure infrastructure specifically for the x402 protocol to help AI agents mitigate risks in autonomous payments and transactions, achieving a frictionless agent economy.
t54.ai’s core product is x402-secure, a basic trust layer for proxy payments. It enhances the security of the x402 protocol, provides programmable trust and verifiable payments, and also offers pre-settlement protection through t54.ai’s native proxy risk engine, Trustline.
Additionally, t54.ai provides a dashboard on the health of the x402 ecosystem.
alat
x402 Ecosystem
The x402 Ecosystem is an official website published by Coinbase that summarizes the x402 ecosystem, listing innovative projects, tools, and applications in the x402 ecosystem, covering aspects such as client integration, services/endpoints, infrastructure and tools, learning and community resources, and facilitators.
x402scan
x402scan is an x402 protocol ecosystem monitoring and analysis tool developed by Merit Systems, currently supporting Base and Solana networks.
x402scan is an “on-chain explorer + agent dashboard” for the x402 ecosystem. It tracks all x402 payment, agent activity, and transaction data, as well as facilitators, in real time, helping developers, AI agents, and users gain insights into the operational status of “Agentic Commerce”.
x402station
x402station is a comprehensive x402 analytics platform for monitoring x402 services, tracking performance, gaining real-time x402 analytics insights, and exploring pay-per-use APIs powered by the x402 protocol.
x402 extension
Vistara Labs / b402
Vistara Labs was one of the projects selected for Binance Labs’ sixth season incubation program (September 2023), and completed its Pre-Seed round of financing in November 2023, led by D1 Ventures and Factor.
Vistara Labs is an internet agent execution layer. Its agent internet layer, Vistara OS, transforms passive browsing into real-time deployment, remixing, and revenue generation, powered by the Zara Agents Engine.
Vistara Labs’ in-house manufacturing facility, Zara, recently enabled seamless inter-agent payments using the x402, and supports one-click deployment of AI-driven Web3 micro-businesses (such as content monetization).
On October 25, 2025, Vistara Labs announced that it would bring x402 to the BNB Chain via b402. b402 will support proxy payments using all BEP-20 tokens, primarily through the B402 relay acting as a trusted intermediary layer. Most BEP-20 tokens do not implement the “authorized transfer” operation, which EIP-3009 cannot natively handle signature processing for.
The Zara token, ZARA, currently has a market capitalization of $1.8 million. The recent decline may be related to the removal of Zara from Vistara Labs’ official Twitter bio.
Pieverse
Pieverse announced at the end of this month that it will launch the x402b protocol, which will be implemented on the BNB Chain through the Pieverse Facilitator.
Specifically, Pieverse enables gas-free payments by supporting USDT-wrapped token pieUSD under EIP-3009. In addition, its custom Facilitator addresses tax and audit issues by automatically generating jurisdictional receipts during payment settlement and storing them immutably on BNB Greenfield.
Pieverse previously completed a $7 million strategic funding round in late October, led by Animoca Brands and UOB Ventures. Pieverse also previously received support from Binance’s Q9 MVB program.
Pieverse will be holding a Pre-TGE event on Binance Wallet from 16:00 to 18:00 on October 29th.
Further Reading: What’s the story behind Pieverse, which caught the x402 wave right before Pre-TGE?
Meridian (token market capitalization of $2.9 million)
Meridian is a blockchain project focused on the x402 payment protocol, designed specifically for AI agent economies.
Meridian has decided to use Across to implement its x402 protocol. Meridian believes that “Across is the best technology for enabling rapid settlement for AI agents and those transacting on x402 when payments must be transferred between different EVM networks with their own RPC configurations. There is a fraud prevention window when sending data back to Ethereum from L2, which can sometimes take up to 7 days to settle. Meridian will leverage Across’s technology to completely bypass this fraud prevention window, supporting all EVM chains for fast settlement. This approach also allows agents using x402 to make payments to each other using tokens other than USDC.”
Meridian’s token MRDN currently has a market capitalization of $2.9 million.
ringkasan
Despite the fact that the x402 protocol has attracted support from many leading technology companies and crypto projects, and the number of participants in the ecosystem is constantly expanding, the x402 ecosystem is still in its early stages of development.
Community users’ attitudes toward x402 are clearly polarized, with some expressing anticipation and optimism for this new paradigm of proxy economy, while others have doubts about the protocol’s maturity, practical application value, and dispute resolution.
According to the x402 roadmap, the x402 protocol will explore user-focused issues in 2026, including x402 Bazaar integration with ERC-8004, e-commerce refund and escrow processes, support for any token, and Facilitator Router.
The advancement of these roadmap projects represents the transformation of the x402 ecosystem from concept to infrastructure construction, and then to application implementation and ecosystem improvement. If these goals can be achieved as scheduled or ahead of schedule in 2026, it will further validate the feasibility and value of x402 as a payment standard for the agent economy, and is expected to drive the entire AI agent ecosystem from the experimental stage to the commercial application stage.
Artikel ini bersumber dari internet: From hype to practicality: A review of x402’s “pragmatic” projects.Recommended Articles
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